Full inflection tables for III-guttural roots in the Qal Imperfect.
Long form: patach furtive in final open syllables. Short form/Wayyiqtol: patach without furtive.
| Person | Long Form | Short Jussive | Wayyiqtol | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | יִשְׁלַ֫חַ | יִשְׁלַח | וַיִּשְׁלַח | Patach furtive in long form only |
| 3fs | תִּשְׁלַ֫חַ | תִּשְׁלַח | — | |
| 2ms | תִּשְׁלַח | תִּשְׁלַח | — | No furtive — suffix closes syllable |
| 2fs | תִּשְׁלְחִי | — | — | Shewa under R2; no furtive needed |
| 1cs | אֶשְׁלַח | — | — | No furtive |
| 3mp | יִשְׁלְחוּ | — | — | Shewa under R2; no furtive |
| 3fp | תִּשְׁלַחְנָה | — | — | נָה suffix; no furtive |
| 2mp | תִּשְׁלְחוּ | — | — | |
| 1cp | נִשְׁלַח | — | — |
Rule: The patach furtive appears only when the guttural stands at word's end in an
open syllable — i.e., the 3ms and 3fs long forms. Once a suffix is added or the form
shortens, the furtive disappears.
| Person | Long Form | Short Jussive | Wayyiqtol | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | יִשְׁמַ֫עַ | יִשְׁמַע | וַיִּשְׁמַע | Patach furtive in long form |
| 3fs | תִּשְׁמַ֫עַ | תִּשְׁמַע | — | |
| 2ms | תִּשְׁמַע | — | — | No furtive |
| 2fs | תִּשְׁמְעִי | — | — | |
| 1cs | אֶשְׁמַע | — | — | |
| 3mp | יִשְׁמְעוּ | — | — | |
| 3fp | תִּשְׁמַעְנָה | — | — | |
| 2mp | תִּשְׁמְעוּ | — | — | |
| 1cp | נִשְׁמַע | — | — |
| Person | Strong (יִקְטֹל) | III-ח (יִשְׁלַח) | III-ע (יִשְׁמַע) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms (long) | יִקְטֹל | יִשְׁלַ֫חַ | יִשְׁמַ֫עַ |
| 3ms (jussive) | יִקְטֹל | יִשְׁלַח | יִשְׁמַע |
| 3ms (wayyiqtol) | וַיִּקְטֹל | וַיִּשְׁלַח | וַיִּשְׁמַע |
| 3fs | תִּקְטֹל | תִּשְׁלַ֫חַ | תִּשְׁמַ֫עַ |
| 2ms | תִּקְטֹל | תִּשְׁלַח | תִּשְׁמַע |
| 1cs | אֶקְטֹל | אֶשְׁלַח | אֶשְׁמַע |
| 3mp | יִקְטְלוּ | יִשְׁלְחוּ | יִשְׁמְעוּ |
Practical note: Since the Jussive looks identical to the long Imperfect in 2ms/1cs/3mp
(no furtive in those forms anyway), the only cells where you can visually distinguish
long vs. short are the 3ms and 3fs.